NAFTA effects on Mexico essays

NAFTA impacts on Mexico articles The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been executed with the expectations to in the long run open the outskirts between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. This paper will just arrangement with the impacts of the exchange concession to Mexico. This paper will endeavor to show that the usage of NAFTA and its rules have expanded progressions of U.S. outside direct venture into the nation of Mexico, and along these lines improved Mexico s economy. With the United States, Mexico, and Canada marking the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the guidelines are set into spot to permit Mexico to flourish from inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The standards of NAFTA will secure the speculations of remote speculators by securing Mexico in NAFTA guidelines on direct contributing (Krueger 2000). Household U.S. firms will be anxious to put resources into Mexico for an upper hand settled on conceivable by the NAFTA understanding and Mexicos financial conditions. This paper will talk about how NAFTA made sure about venture from the U.S. into Mexico. Furthermore, why local U.S. firms would consider FDI into Mexico, and how U.S. FDI may have helped Mexico through its financial emergency in 1995. All together for a household firm to embrace remote direct speculation (FDI), they should initially have the option to contend adequately in their home market. When the firm acquires a household upper hand that is sufficiently able to support and make up for speculation harms caused by contributing abroad, the firm can consider FDI (course book). When a firm has concluded it is prepared to legitimately put resources into a remote market, the firm should choose where to contribute. The choice to contribute is made by finding markets that may have a near favorable position, or a market flaw that would permit the speculator to succeed by entering the market. For instance, persuading variables of venture include: benefits achievable through lower charge rates, more le... <!

Transformation By Marry Shelley Essays - Romanticism, Mary Shelley

Change By Marry Shelley So you plant your own garden and enhance Your own spirit, rather than sitting tight For somebody to bring you blossoms... (Obscure artist) The short story ? Change? by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley is an admission of a man, who encounters powerful experience that totally changes his character. One of the most significant subjects of the story is the battle of good and wickedness in a soul of an individual. This subject is topical consistently. Each individual has his own sins, and he can gauge them just on the off chance that he figures out how to take a disconnected view of himself. Joy of an individual relies upon climate he can battle against clouded side of his spirit or not. Love and caring sentiments help him in this battle. To pass on this topic effectively the creator utilizes the idea of doppelganger. It causes her to build up the character of Guido (the storyteller), and to separate his great and terrible highlights. She focuses on the significance of what the character sees through his own eyes, how he sees himself as well as other people around him. In the start of the story the storyteller describes himself as an incredibly egotistical, thrill, imprudent individual, who can't control his wild feelings what's more, interests. He looses his dad's cash simply because of that. More than that he can't keep the most notable individual of his life ? his blameless and delicate lady of the hour Juliet. Lamentably, right now the storyteller doesn't see every one of his mix-ups and just proceeds with his inefficient life. As it were at an incredible edge, when he is certain that he will bite the dust in some time ?I will before long kick the bucket here on these forlorn sands, and the appendages he pines for will be mine no more...? he meets this monstrous dangerous smaller person lastly understands all his botches. The smaller person really drives him to discover the exit plan, he gives him all the ugliest sides of his spirit and it makes the storyteller revalue the significance of his life. His wonderful appearance and elegance isn't generally significant for him any more. He is prepared to lay it down for an opportunity to keep his adoration. The subject of adoration is the focal one in this story. For me it is by all accounts very confused. I have an inclination that in the start of the story the storyteller doesn't genuinely adore Juliet. He effectively leaves her in Genoa and goes voyaging. He returns some time, however simply because of his pride, he can not acknowledge a thought that she may have a place with another person: ?Another will call her his! ? that grin of heaven will favor another!? His actual emotions become clear to the peruser just when he begins to battle the diminutive person to spare Juliet: ?to-morrow my lady of the hour was to promise her pledges to a monster from hellfire! What's more, I did this! ? my damned pride ? my majority rule viciousness and insidious self-excessive admiration had caused this demonstration.? The genuine ?change? of the character starts at the equivalent second. Being decrepit and defenseless it is simpler for Guido to ?change? into a superior individual. At the darkest snapshot of his life he sees the fantasy that guides him to battle for his adoration: ? I'm not catching it's meaning? was my fantasy however a reflection of reality? is it true that he was charming and winning my promised? I would on the moment back to Genoa...? He is certain that he needs to obliterate the beast, however at the equivalent time it is difficult for him to acknowledge a thought that he needs to kill his own body. His dread vanishes when he sees Juliet with this horrendous man, who is decent and attractive outside, however coldblooded and monstrous inside: ?Now I was no longer ace of myself. I surged forward ? I hurled myself on him ? I tore him away...? Just genuine romance caused the character to include in this lethal activity, and he is prepared to free his life for it. Guido wins this battle. Just at the finish of the story the storyteller comprehends this appalling smaller person is only himself from within: ? realizing that him whom she scolded was my extremely self?. I think that Mary Shelley needs us to comprehend that a man's spirit like the Moon has its two inverse sides ? the brilliant and the dull one. We as a whole are to battle against our terrible highlights during the life. This

Positive Aspects of Being an Empty Nester

Positive Aspects of Being an Empty Nester Relationships Spouses & Partners Print Positive Aspects of Being an Empty Nester By Sharon Greenthal linkedin Sharon Greenthal is a writer and editor who specializes in parenting, midlife, empty nesting, and marriage.   Learn about our editorial policy Sharon Greenthal Updated on February 04, 2020 Lilly Roadstones / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse The anticipation of the drastic changes the empty nest brings to your life can be far more overwhelming than the reality of living as an empty nester. Whether your children are small and the empty nest is far off, or they are young adults and your empty nest is around the corner, the idea of suddenly having no kids in your house may be impossible to imagine. For some parents, the empty nest is a welcome and exciting time when, after years of prioritizing their children, they are now free to think of themselves first. For others, the empty nest is an impossible notion that they dread coming to terms with as their children leave home. Reasons to Appreciate the Empty Nest   Here are some great reasons to appreciate having an empty nest: Your time is your own. After years of spending much of your free time watching your children play sports or perform in shows; shuttling them to and from playdates, parties, school, and religious education; and keeping them fed, clothed and clean, you are now free to spend your off-hours doing whatever it is you want to do.   Your house is as clean and organized as you want it to be. Whatever else you can say about teenagers, for the most part, they are not the neatest people. They often have a lot of extra stuff to manage, like school books, athletic gear, electronics and more. Once your nest is empty, you can be fairly certain that how you leave it in the morning is how it will look when you return home later in the day. Whether you were the kind of parent who cleaned up after your kids or expected them to pick up their own messes, your house will now stay as clean as you want it to. You can focus on your relationship.  You may still be married or you may be single. Either way, an empty nest is the best time to shift your focus from making others happy to making yourself happy. You may rediscover your relationship in a positive, exciting way, or you may want to make a change to whatever your situation is. Now is your chance to pay attention to what makes you happy and fulfilled, not as a parent but as a person. The cacophony goes away. Chances are if you have more than one child you had more than one noisemaking activity going on at the same time. Televisions, YouTube, iPods, text messages, even the occasional phone call â€" with lots of kids in the house there is usually lots of noise. Not to mention door slamming, toilet flushing, refrigerator opening, and bickering. In your empty nest, you will, actually, be able to hear yourself think â€" possibly for the first time in a long time. You can get a good nights sleep.  From the time they are born until they leave home, our kids find ways to keep us up at night â€" from 2 a.m. feedings to midnight calls for rides home. You will still lie awake at night and worry about them â€" but they wont be regularly waking you up as they come and go or entertain their friends.   They come back to visit.  One of the greatest joys of the empty nest is when your young adults come back to visit. The thrill of seeing them walk through the door, whether every week or once a year, is something every parent will grow to look forward to and appreciate as their children grow up and away from home. As your children evolve into adults with lives, opinions, and passions of their own, they will bring back to you so much to learn and admire, and you may find yourself wondering who these grown-up people are. As you begin to enjoy having young adults for children, your empty nest will seem less a place of emptiness and more a place of accomplishment and great memories. A Word From Verywell Dont be afraid of the emptiness that comes when your children leave home. This time can be a period of great growth and evolution for you, and watching your young adults make their way in the world may be the impetus you need to make changes in your life, too.

Themes Of The Bluest Eye - 1871 Words

Analyzing The Bluest Eye In the novel, The Bluest Eye, author Toni Morrison integrates many social and structural forces and themes throughout the story that are central to understanding the character’s experiences. Varying forms of oppression, and issues surrounding gender, race and social class are prevalent in the book, affecting each character in their own way. As the story progresses we gain more insight into the lives of the characters which helps complete the picture of the intersection of the forces of gender, race and class. Each character in the story experiences an interaction between these forces, rather than only experiencing one or the other. Therefore, it is important to note that even though I will be breaking down each†¦show more content†¦The rape is told through Cholly’s perspective and we only get to hear the way he feels and acts. We are neglected Pecola’s point of view and reaction, which shows how male oppression has the ability to mute women. In addition to violence the women and girls experience, the women in this novel engage in horizontal hostility. Horizontal hostility occurs when â€Å"individuals direct the resentment and anger they have about their situation onto those who are of equal or lesser status† (WVFV 63). The women in the novel are oppressed by the men, and instead of responding to the real threat of their oppression, they respond and create oppression against those of the same or lower status—in this case, other women and children. The women gossip about one another and put each other down for characteristics they deem undesirable. Mrs. Breedlove experiences this shortly after moving to Lorain, Ohio with Cholly. Mrs. Breedlove did not seem to fit in with the other black women she met, and they treated her poorly with â€Å"their goading glances and private snickers at her way of talking (saying â€Å"chil’ren) and dressing† (Morrison 118). In this situation, the women are engaging in opp ressive acts against each other. When it comes to their children, the women dominate and oppress them through the use of physical force, such as when Mrs. Breedlove yells at Pecola and slaps her for spilling the pie, or when Mrs. MacTeer whips Claudia, Frieda and Pecola for â€Å"playing nasty.† From theseShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye-Theme of Vision1553 Words   |  7 PagesToni Morrison’s highly acclaimed debut work, The Bluest Eye, is one of unquestionable beauty and intricately woven prose. As a fictional writer, Morrison avails herself of her literary faculties, using her mastery of description in order to convey an unusually lucid picture to the reader. The five senses seem to envelop a great deal of description in the novel, most notably that of sight. As has been discovered by virtue of studying the brain’s neural and cognitive machinery, vision occupies largeRead MoreTheme Of Racism In The Bluest Eye924 Words   |  4 Pages Racism, a word once used sparingly, has today become a part of colloquial speech. Although racism is an epidemic, so is same-race discrimination. In the novel â€Å"The Bluest Eye,† written by Toni Morrison, this idea of same-race discrimination is given the limelight throughout. The novel focuses on the African American community within Lorain, Ohio and the complexities of physical beauty and social status that lean over its residents. A character emphasized for her entitlement and being one who practicesRead More Essay on Themes of House on Mango Street, and The Bluest Eye1602 Words   |  7 PagesDisturbing Themes of House on Mango Street, and The Bluest Eye  Ã‚   Sandra Cisneros was born in Chicago and grew up in Illinois, the only girl in a family of seven. Cisneros is noted for her collection of poems and books that concentrate on the Chicana experience in the United States. In her writing, Cisneros explores and transcends borders of location, ethnicity, gender and language. Cisneros writes in lyrical yet deceptively simple language, she makes the invisible visible by centering on theRead More Memoirs of a Geisha and the Bluest Eye Essay example900 Words   |  4 PagesMemoirs of a Geisha and the Bluest Eye Memoirs of a Geisha by Aurthor Golden and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison are two thought provoking books with a unique style of writing. Memoirs of a Geisha has a beautiful poetic grammar which captures readers imagination and brings the story to life. Morrison on the other hand uses combined voices to give varied perspectives with out resorting to authorial intrusion or preaching. Memoirs Of A Geisha and the bluest eye both contain graphic realismRead MoreRacism And Discrimination On African Americans1210 Words   |  5 Pagesfrequent use of symbolism.2 In The Bluest Eye, an extremely important symbol is blue eyes (Crayton 73). Blue eyes are used to symbolize racially based beauty standards and the power associated with whiteness (â€Å"Bluest† LitCharts). In the novel, society believes that if a person does not have white skin, he or she is not beautiful. Pecola Breedlove falls victim to this widespread belief and longs to possess blue eyes. In her world, blue eyes ar e far more than a simple eye color. They are beauty. They areRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison791 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"If only the eyes saw souls instead of bodies, how very different our ideals of beauty would be†. Toni Morrison shows, to the black community and to the world, how white supremacists and false convictions on beauty and self-worth can cause serious mischief if bel ieved and taken to heart. Throughout the book, the character who exemplified the best repercussions of racism through her actions was Pecola Breedlove. A very passive little girl who was lacking self-esteem and parental guidance buys intoRead MoreRacial Prejudice in the Bluest Eye and to Kill a Mockingbird1416 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduced to the theme of racial prejudice through the experiences of the characters Scout and Jem Finch. The story is told from the perspective of Scout. In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, the reader is also introduced to the theme of racial prejudice through the experiences of Pecola Breedlove and Claudia MacTeer. The story is told through the perspective of Pecola Breedlove, and Claudia MacTeer. Both of the novels show different ways of illustrating the same theme. In the novel ToRead More The Importance of the Eye in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye Essay example1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of the Eye in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye, the characters eyes are everything. The word eye appears over and over with rich adjectives that describe color, movement, and nuance of expression to signify a characters mood and psychological state. Morrison emphasizes the paradox of eyes: Eyes are at times a window to enlightenment, however, what eyes see is not always objective truth, but instead a distortion of reality into whatRead MoreAnalysis Of Patricia Collinss Black Feminist Eye1125 Words   |  5 Pagesevolving this theory. In similarity to Collins’ novel, The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, the African American female individuals depicted as the women of color labeled in the novel, Black Feminist Thought. In conjunction with the depicted black women in Collins’ Black Feminist Thought, numerous resources in the class notes can to help define such women of color. The novel, Black Feminist Thought, is better agreed and communicated through the Bluest Eye†™s black female individuals and in class resource notes

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. And His Influence On The...

When talking about leadership, I would think of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his influences on the American civil rights movement. His famous speech – â€Å"I have a dream† is one of the most compelling in all times. The speech was powerful because it was simple and brought out a clear and focused theme. The audiences’ emotion was agitated instantly by his speech. And the reaction and impact were enormous. Of course, leadership is not only about powerful speeches, but involves the leaders’ characteristics and their abilities to influence others. I have observed during the study of the six aspects of being a leader. They are 1) pinpointing the problem, 2) having a clear vision, 3) strong persuasion skill, 4) willing to fight and sacrifice, 5) truthful, and 6) not easy to give up. Persuading for change in concept, promoting new direction and ideal, and motivating for action of change are essential for all leadership. Northouse defines leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. In Kouzers and Posner’s view, leadership is to mobilize others to get extraordinary things done; and it is not about personality but it’s about behavior. From Robert E. Quinn’s argument, every one of us has the capacity to transform our organizations into more positive, productive communities. However, most of us spend most of our time in the normal state in which we tend to be comfort-centered, externally driven, self-focused, and internallyShow MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy.† (Famous civil-rights†¦) As Martin Luther King, Jr. said, the â€Å"measure† of a man comes not when things are going well, but when things are times are challenging. In the time of the Civil Rights movement, lots of African American people were measured by how they managed difficult situations. The Civil rights movement had many influential leaders and events. The overall importance of the movement was the profound impact it had on American life. The Civil Rights Movement had many importantRead MoreEssay Philosophies and Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the mid-1900s, the Civil Rights Movement was a crucial part of the United States’ growth. Many men and women both black and white contributed to the development of rights for African Americans and other minorities. Among them, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Movement and make the United StatesRead MoreMartin Luther King’s Quest for Equality1340 Words   |  5 PagesEquality Martin Luther King Jr. had a substantial impact on how the United States views civil rights. During his lifetime, Martin became highly educated and used his knowledge to help others in a positive way. King was not only an influential leader of the Civil Rights Movement, but also a catalyst and a leading figure of the 1960s. His leadership and practices still live on today, and the Civil Rights Movement wouldnt have been nearly as successful without his leadership and guidance. Dr. King pushedRead MoreDifferences Between Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1960’s Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X represented two sides of the Civil Rights Movement. Speaking to all of humanity, Dr. King made these famous peaceful words, â€Å"I have a dream, a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal† (King, 1963, para 10). 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Famous thinkers are individuals who used determination and critical thinking to overcome hard times in order to do well. The two famous thinkers that thrust out in my mind are Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and Bill Gates. In thisRead MoreBayard Rustin And The Civil Rights Movement1338 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers of the civil rights movement. A gay man and once a member of the communist party, Rustin went on to play a significant role in fighting for the rights of African Americans and later on the gay community in the United States. Mostly working behind the scenes, he was able to mold the movement into a symbol of non-violent resistance in the United States and even the world over. He was also an influential figure who sculpted Martin Luther King Jr, who previously had bodyguards for his family andRead MoreThe Fight for Freedom1312 Words   |  6 Pagesdid free dom for blacks come about? The Civil Rights Movement took place in the late 1950’s though the 1960’s, however; Tricia Andryszewski informs her readers that Black Americans had been working for change since before the civil war, but mainly beyond. Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Bayard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a resultRead MoreMartin Malcolm : A Dream Or A Nightmare951 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Martin Malcolm America Peace† If one man never steps forward to show all the others that change is possible, nothing will ever change. When you look back at history of the American civil rights movement, Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. are still often two of the first names even someone of today’s society may think of. They were, and still are, some of the most influential men to ever live. As young African-American men living during a time of harsh global, but most importantlyRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Work of Martin Luther King Jr Malcolm X923 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were very significant during the Civil Rights Movement. Both were excellent speakers and shared one goal but had two different ways of resolving it. Martin Luther King Jr. chose to resolve the issues by using non-violence to create equality amongst all races to accomplish the goal. Malcolm X also wanted to decrease discrimination and get of segregation but by using another tactic to su ccessfully accomplish the similar goal. The backgrounds of both men were

Visual Data Displays and Uses in Decision Making Free Essays

Visual Data Displays and Uses in Decision Making Ronya Bentz, Lasondra Defreeze, Terri Dougherty, Grace Zhao HCS/438 September 24, 2012 Gerald Rintals Visual Data Displays and Uses in Decision Making Studying the measures of central tendency will help to verify if these measures of central tendency for the given data are correct. The information will assist in predicting specific health issues and interventions needed to improve health care. The measure of variation produces a conclusion through the Tele-care monitoring system. We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Data Displays and Uses in Decision Making or any similar topic only for you Order Now The types of central tendency conducted in this study were the mean and median. The description of data in this study uses the five-number summary. Variables were also used to predict key medical events and interventions, based on significance. According to Biddiss, Brownsell, Hawley (2009), â€Å"the data analysis was conducted using statistical software and logistic regression was used to predict the occurrence of key medical events/interventions taken from health care logs of health-care workers. Biddiss, Brownsell, Hawley 2009’s articles explain examples in the text are as follows: The 45 patients studied a total of 8576 alerts were generated. A total of 171 medical events which included the mean number of medical events for the year which was 3. 5, the median 2, and the quartile ranged between 1- 4. The mean average of key alerts per year was 49, with a median of 49, and an interquartile range of 47-51. The average percentage of total alerts that were medical events was 6. 4% with a median of 4 and an interquartile range of 1. 4-8 (p. 227-228). Because the focus of the study determined the average need for medical intervention in congestive heart failure, the use of the measure of central tendency is correct in this study. According to Bennett, Briggs, Thiola, (2009), â€Å"variation is a measure of how much the data values are spread out. A distribution in which most data are clustered together has a low variation. † (p. 16). In the article, â€Å"predicting need for intervention in individuals with congestive heart failure using a home-based Tele-care monitoring system for 18 months† (Biddiss, Brownsell, Hawley, 2009, p. 9); the authors monitored 45 elderly individuals with congestive heart failure who entered daily information, based of individual symptoms and health status. There are 14 variables to enter and generate the alert system. Systolic blood pressure| 2541| Heart rate| 1822| Daytime shortness of breath| 803| Need for extra pillows| 576| Night time shortness of breath| 480| Cough| 441| Weight gai n| 422| Bloated stomach | 387| Dizziness| 339| Medication adherence| 327| Swollen ankles| 248| Angina| 191| Anxiety| 10| Urine excretion| Eight total alerts 8576| Biddiss, Brownsell, Hawley, 2009, p. 29). As the data describes, the systolic blood pressure most triggered the alert system. It produced nearly 30% of the total alerts and the heart rate almost 9%. †¢Average of alerts for 14 characteristics: 612 †¢Median: 405 †¢Distribution is right –skewed because the values are more spread to the right side. The graphing of a bell curve is the representation of the standard normal distribution. Also the table shows the mean value is zero and the standard deviation is one (Bennett, Briggs, Triola, 2009). In Figure 2 of the study, the values are not depicted by normal distribution as they deviate greatly from the mean. This shows there is no symmetry in the values represented and displays too many variables. Because the study is measuring various variables not necessarily related to one another, it would follow that standard normal distribution would not apply in this study. The results of this study show factors of individuals who took part reported different symptoms and clinicians monitoring these concerns had determined if medical intervention was necessary. Heart rate, blood pressure, and weight were also considered and compared with the data reported by the participants. Because the study relied heavily on self-reporting by the participants, many of the variables were subject to embellishment. The clinical data supports reports of declining health, but in some cases may not correlate with information reported. The conclusions of the study are favorable, as increased monitoring of patients with chronic heart failure may result in occasional interventions that are not neccessary. This study provides an improvement in the knowledge of the patient’s condition and reaction to treatment. Reference Bennett. Briggs. , Trola (2009). Statistical reasoning for everyday life, (3rd) Chapter 4: Describing Data. Retrieved from www. University of Phoenix. edu. Library database. Biddiss, E. , Brownsell, S. , Hawley, M. S. (2009, March). Predicting need for intervention in individuals. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 15(5), 226-231. University of Phoenix Library Telecare; 2009, 15:226-231. Retrieved from www. University of Phoenix . edu. Library database. How to cite Visual Data Displays and Uses in Decision Making, Essay examples

Solutions to Homework Assignments Chapter Essay Example

Solutions to Homework Assignments: Chapter Paper The line is GAG (the last line on the front page of the individual tax return). Though both types Of deductions may reduce a taxpayers taxable income, for GAG deductions are generally more valuable to taxpayers because they reduce GAG which may allow taxpayers to deduct more of their from GAG deductions (and other tax benefits) that are subject to GAG limitations. From GAG deductions dont affect GAG. 11. Why are some deductions called above-the-line deductions and others are called twelfth-line deductions? What is the line? The line is adjusted gross income (GAG). GAG is considered the line because of the significance it plays in the amount of deductions allowed from GAG. for GAG deductions are called bother-line deductions because they are deducted in determining GAG. From GAG deductions are called below-the-line deductions because they are deducted after GAG has been determined. They are deducted from GAG to arrive at taxable income, Below-the-line deductions may be subject to limitations based on the taxpayers GAG. 2. What is the difference between a tax deduction and a tax credit? Is one more beneficial than the Other? Explain. A deduction generally reduces taxable income dollar for dollar (although from GAG deductions may not reduce taxable income dollar for dollar). This translates into a tax savings in the I mount Of the deduction times the marginal tax rate. In contrast, credits reduce a taxpayers taxes payable dollar for dollar. Thus. Generally speaking, credits are more valua ble than deductions. 20. We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Homework Assignments: Chapter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Homework Assignments: Chapter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Homework Assignments: Chapter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Isabella provides of the support for her father Hastings who lives in an apartment by himself and has no gross income, Is it possible for Isabella to claim a dependency exemption for her father? Explain. Because her father meets the relationship and gross income test for a qualifying relative, the support test is the only obstacle for Isabella to claim a dependency exemption for her father _ The basic support test requires that Isabella must have provided more than half of the support for her father in order to claim a dependency exemption for him. Because Isabella provides only 30% of her fathers support, she does not meet the basic test. However, Isabella could potentially qualify to claim a dependency exemption for her father under a multiple support agreement. For Isabella to qualify, the following requirements must be met: 1. No other taxpayer paid over half of her fathers support. 2. Isabella and at least one other person provided more than half the support of her father, and Isabella and the other person or persons would have en allowed to claim an exemption for Hastings except for the fact that neither met the support test. . Isabella provided over 10% of her fathers support (she provided 30%). 4 The other person or persons who provided more than 10% of Hastings support must provide a signed statement to Isabella agreeing not to claim Hastings as a dependent. Isabella would include the names, addresses, and social security numbers of each other person on a Form 2120- which she would include with her tax return for the y ear, 31 Rank the following three single taxpayers in order of the magnitude of taxable income (from lowest to highest) and explain your results. Named Gross Income Deductions Poor GAG Itemized Deductions $ 80,000 8,000 0 Baker S 80,000 4,000 4,000 Chin S 80,000 0 8,000 Chin has the highest taxable income, followed by Baker and then Named. Chins taxable income is highest because he had no for GAG deductions, and Named has the lowest because he had the most for GAG deductions. Baker did not benefit from the itemized deductions because they did not exceed the standard deduction. Chin only benefited from the itemized deductions to the extent the deductions exceeded the standard deduction. See the following analysis: Description Named Baker Chin Computation (1) Gross income (2) For GAG deductions (3) Adjusted gross income (4) Standard deduction (5) Itemized deductions (6) Greater of standard deductions or itemized deductions (7) personal and dependency exemptions 580,000 (8, COO) $72,000 (6,100) 0 (6, 100) 580,000 (4, COO) $76,000 (6,100) (4,000) (6,100) 580,000 0 580,000 (6, 100) (8, COO) (8,000) Named: (4) > (5) Baker: (4) > (5) Chin: (S) > (4) (1)+ (2) Single taxpayer (3,900) 3,900 x I (personal exemption) Taxable income 562,000 $66,000 $68,100 32. Caraways husband passed away in 2012. She needs to determine whether jasmine, her 17-year old step-daughter who is single, qualifies as her dependent in 2013. Jasmine is a resident but not a citizen of the united States. She lived in Cassowary;s home from June IS through December 31 , 2013. Cassowary provided more than halt of Jasmines support for the 2013. A. Is Cassowary allowed to claim a dependency exemption for Jasmine for 2013? Yes, Cassowary may claim a dependency exemption for Jasmine in 2013. Jasmine meets the citizenship/ residency test because she is a resident Of the United States, and she meets he requirements to be considered Caraways qualifying child as follows: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Jasmine Yes, stepdaughter qualifies Jasmine is under 19 at the end of the year Jasmine had the same principal residence as Cassowary for more than half the year Jasmine does not provide more than half her own support. B. Would Cassowary be allowed to claim a dependency exemption for Jasmine for 2013 if Cassowary provided more than half of Jasmines support in 2013, Jasmine lived in Caraways home from July 15 through December 31 of 2013, and Jasmine reported gross income of $5,000 in 2013? No. Jasmine would fail the qualifying child test because she did not have the same principal residence as Cassowary for more than half the year. Jasmine would fail the qualifying relative test because her gross income exceeds the 53,900 personal exemption amount for 2013. C. Would Cassowary be allowed to claim a dependency exemption for Jasmine for 2013 if Cassowary provided more than half of Jasmines support in 201 3, Jasmine lived in Caraways home from July 15 through December 31 of 2013, and Jasmine reported gross income of $2,500 in 2013? Yes, Jasmine would qualify as Caraways qualifying relative as allows: Test Relationship Support Gross income Jasmine Yes, stepdaughter qualifies Cassowary provided more than half Of Jasmines support Jasmines gross income does not exceed the dependency exemption amount. 44. Gary and Lakes were married on December 31 last year. They are now preparing their taxes for the April 15 deadline and are unsure of their filing status. A. What filing status options do Gary and Lakes have for last year? To be married for filing status purposes, taxpayers must be married at the end of the year. Although Gary and Lakes were married on the last day of the year, hey are still considered married for the entire year tort filing purposes. Gary and Lakes may file as married filing jointly, or they may elect to file as married filing separately. B. Assume instead that Gary and Lakes were married on January I of this year, What is their filing status for last year (neither has been married before and neither had any dependents last year)? Single. Gary and Lakes were not married at the end of the year, therefore they must both file single, 48 In each of the following independent situations, determine the taxpayers filing status and the number of personal and dependency exemptions the sprayer is allowed to claim. A. Prank is single and supports his 17-year-old brother, Bill. Bill earned $3,000 and did not live with Frank. Single with two exemptions; one personal and one dependency exemption for Bill. 4 Frank Will file as single, not head Of household. Bill is not a qualifying person for purposes of the head of household test because Bill did not live as member of Franks household for more than half the year. Frank can claim an exemption for Bill because Bill qualifies as Franks qualifying relative as follows: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Gross income b. Bill Yes, Bill is taxpayers brother, Not applicable to qualifying relative Not applicable to qualifying relative Yes, more than half of Bills support is provided by Frank. Yes, Bills gross income ($3,000) is less than the exemption amount, Geneva and her spouse reside with their son, Steve, who is a 20-year-old undergraduate student at State University. Steve earned $13,100 at a part-time summer job, but he deposited this money in a savings account for graduate school. Geneva paid all of the $12,000 cost of supporting Steve. Married filing jointly with two personal exemptions and one dependency exemption for Steve Steve meets the test to be Geneva and her husbands qualifying child as follows: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Steve Yes, Steve is the taxpayers son. Yes, under age 24 and a full-time student (and younger than parents). Yes, temporary absences away at school count as time in the parents home Yes, even though the Steve earned $13,100, he did not use any of that money to provide for his support. Staves parents provided more than half (all, in fact) Of his support for the year. A qualifying child is not subject to the gross income test. Hams spouse died last year, and Hams has not remarried. Hams supports his father Reggae, age 78, who lives in a nursing home and had interest income this year of SO,500. Head of household with two exemptions. Hams is not a qualifying widower because he does not maintain a household for a dependent child. However, he does qualify for head of household because he is not married and he pays more than halt the cost of maintaining a separate household that is the principal place of abode for his father, and his father also qualifies as his dependent (as a qualifying relative) as follows: Test Relationship Age Reggae Yes, Reggae is Hams father. Not applicable to qualifying relative Residence Support Gross income Not applicable to qualifying relative Yes, Hams provides more than half Of Regiss support. Yes, Regiss gross income of $2,500 is less than the exemption amount. Because Reggae is considered to be Hams qualifying relative (and a qualifying person for purposes of the head of household filing status). Hams may also claim a dependency exemption for Reggae. D. Irene is married but has not seen her spouse since February. She supports her spouses 18-year-old child Dolores, who lives with Irene. Dolores earned $4,500 this year. Head of household with two exemptions. Irene qualifies for being treated as unmarried for the year (abandoned spouse) as follows: Test Married Separate Return Maintains Home Time Separated Irene Yes, Irene is still married at the end of the year, Yes, Irene files a separate return from her spouse, Yes, Irene provides more than halt the cost to maintaining a home tort a quailing child. Yes, Irene has not lived with her spouse for the last six months of the year. Because she is treated as though she were unmarried, she may file as head of household because she pays more than half the costs (for more than half the cable year) of maintaining a household that is the principal place of abode for a dependent who is her qualifying child. Dolores is Irene qualifying child, as determined below: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Dolores Yes, Dolores is the taxpayers stepchild. Yes, under age 19 (and younger than Irene) Yes, Dolores lived with taxpayer for more than half of the year _ Yes, Dolores did not provide more than half of her own support. Irene may claim one personal exemption for herself and one dependency exemption for Dolores. E. Assume the same facts as in part d. Also assume that Craig is Urines husband. Craig supports his 12-year-old son Ethan, who lives with Craig. Ethan did not earn any income. Head of household with two exemptions. Craig qualifies for being treated as unmarried (abandoned spouse rules) as follow. Was: 6 Test Married Separate Return Maintains Home Time Separated Irene Yes, Craig is still married at the end of the year. Yes, Craig files a separate return trot his spouse. Yes, Craig provides more than halt the cost to maintaining a home for a qualifying child. Yes, Craig has not lived with his spouse tort the last six months of the year. Because he is treated as though she were unmarried, he may file as head of should because he pays more than half the costs (for more than half the taxable year) of maintaining a household that is the principal place of abode for a dependent who is his qualifying child. Ethan is Crags qualifying child, as determined below: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Dolores Yes, Ethan is the taxpayers child. Yes, under age I g (and younger than Craig) Yes, Ethan lived with taxpayer for more than half of the year. Yes, Ethan did not provide more than half Of his own support. Craig may claim one personal exemption for himself and one dependency exemption for Ethan. Note that both Irene in part d. ND Craig may claim head of household filing status because they both qualify to be treated as unmarried for filing status purposes. 54 Demeanor and Jeanine Jackson have been married for 20 years and have four children who quality as their dependents (Damascus, Jeanine, Michael, and Candace).